Subject analysis and subject representation: theoretical foundations in contemporary contexts

Abstract

In Information Science, Thematic Treatment and Thematic Representation of Information are processes aimed at making information accessible, understandable, and organized. In this context, activities such as subject cataloging, indexing, and document analysis require cognitive, interpretative, and ethical engagement. Objective: To analyze and synthesize theoretical contributions related to Subject Analysis and Subject Representation, highlighting possibilities for emerging practices associated with these processes. Method: A bibliographic review and a scientific essay, adopting a qualitative and descriptive approach, without the use of empirical data. Results: The literature indicates that traditional models have progressively incorporated collaborative, participatory, and diversity-oriented perspectives, revealing their potential for reconfiguration in response to contemporary transformations. These trends contribute to the development of renewed approaches to knowledge organization and information retrieval. Conclusion: Even in the absence of empirical data, the study contributes to scientific advancement and to the consolidation of the field of Information Science. The articulation between classical foundations and recent perspectives supports a more dynamic organization of knowledge that is sensitive to social, scientific, ethical, and technological transformations. The application of Subject Analysis and Subject Representation in contexts such as digital libraries, repositories, health, and education reinforces their theoretical and practical relevance. Ethical and methodological discussions reaffirm the role of these practices in structuring and circulating information and highlight their importance for expanding and democratizing access to knowledge.